Condenser for engine-cooling systems



Patented Jan. 8, 1924.

proved condenser UNITED STATES 1,480,281 PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY C. MALLORY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.; SUE R- MALLORY ADMINISTRATRIX orSAID HARRY C. MALLORY, DECEASED.

CONDENSER FOR ENGIN E-COOLIN G SYSTEMS.

Application filed July 30, 1921, Serial No. 488,595. Renewed December 6,1923.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY C. MALLoRY, a citizen of the United States,and resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCondensers for Engine-Cooling Systems, of which the following is aspecification.

y present invention consists in an unadapted to receive vapor andboiling liquid through an inlet at its top, and to condense the vapor,the unvaporized liquid into the condenser hot well without contact withthe condensing surfaces and the consequent reduction of their condensingcapacity. My inven tion is especially adapted for use in an enginecooling system of the type disclosed inmy prior application, Serial N 0.482090, filed July 2, 1921, but is not necessarily limited to such use.The distinguishing characteristic of my present invention is theprovision in water flow and steam distributing channels extendingvertically downward past the condensing surfaces of bafiles which retardthe flow through said channels and thereby facilitate the liberation ofvapor carried by the liquid and also increase the cooling of the liquiditself as ma be desirable in some cases.

he various features of novelty which characterize my invention arepointed out with articularity in the claims annexed to and fbrming apart of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention,however, and the advantages possessed by it, reference should be had tothe accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I haveillustrated preferred embodiments of my invention. 1

Of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation of an engine cooling system in which my improvedcondenser is employed, the condenser being shown in section on the line1-1 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Figjli is a partial section takensimilarly to Fig. 2 illustrating a modified construction; and

Fig. 4 is a 44 of Fig. 3.

In Figs. 1 and 2 ofthe drawings I have shown my improved condenseremployed in an engine cooling system comprising a coolpartial section onthe line and to pass ing liquid jacket A an ordinary internal engine. Aninlet A for the cylinder A combustion automobile is provided at thebotspace for the cooling liquid which will ordinarily be water or awater and alcohol mixture, and A represents a jacket outlet for vaporwhich also serves as the overflow outlet for the cooling fluld. Theoutlet A is connected b a conduit 0, which may advantageously include aflexible coupling C to the upper chamber 13 of the condenser. The hotwell l3 of the condenser B is connected to the acket inlet A by a returnconnection ineluding pipe sections D and D and a circulating pump Ewhich is driven from the engine shaft through the reducing gear E, thelatter also driving the usual fan G through a belt G. An air pipe Hrunning from the condenser to the suction intake mamfold L of the engineforms a means for withdrawing air from, and maintaining a vacuum in thecondenser. As shown the plpe H extends through the condenser and formedwith an air inlet ort H at its under side. The air pipe is shown asprovided with a steam trap or valve I through the pipe H. As shown thepipe section D connected to the condenser by a vent pipe to prevent thejacket from draining into the condenser when the circulating pump isstopped. M represents a safety valve limiting the pressure in thecondenser and represents a vacuum relief valve, preferably adjustable,which is adapted to open and admit air to the condenser when thepressure therein falls to a predetermined minimum.

The condenser is provided with distributed condensing surfaces B whichadvantageously, as shown, are formed by horizontal pipes having theirends expanded and connected together to thereby form portions of thefront and rear walls of the condenser shell. In the respect. noted thecondenser is similar in construction to the radiator commonly used in anautomobile cooling system of the water circulation type. The' tubes Bare spaced away from the top of the condenser shell to provide the inletchamber B and are spaced away from the bottom of the condenser shell toprovide the hot well space B, and are spaced away from the side edges ofthe condenser shell to provide channels B. The latter form paths of flowfor unvaporized liquid entering the chamber 13*, and also form channelsfor distributing vapor into the side edges of the intertube space. Brepresents a bafile extending over the bank of tubes B at the bottom ofthe chamber 13*, and R repre sents rain plates for diverting liquid ofcondensation formed in the upper portion of the intertube space into thechannels B and thereby preventing it from flowing over the lower tubes.In so far as above described the condenser shown is like that disclosedin my prior application, Serial No. 482,090.

The condenser forming the subject matter of the present inventiondiffers from that disclosed in my prior application however in thatbafiies are provided for retarding the downward flow of liquid and vaporthrough the channels B, thereby facilitating the liberation of vaporfrom the liquid and permitting of an increased cooling effect on theliquid without any such sacrifice of condensing capacity as would resultfrom causing the liquid to flow over all or a considerable portion ofthe tubes B.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in each channel B is a seriesof baffles O inclined downwardly from the outer edge of the condensershell, and a second series of bafiles O which alternate with the bafliesO and are inclined downwardly from the adjacent edge of the bank oftubes. Advantageously as shown baflle O is provided with an upturnedportion 0 preventing liquid running off the baffle 0 immediately above,from splashing into the intertube space.

In the modified construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4.- the bafiles O andO are replaced by two series of bafies O and O which are oppositelyinclined downwardly from the front and rear walls of the condensershell.

In the contemplated operation of the cooling system shown in thedrawings, liquid is forced into the jacket through the inlet A at a ratesubstantially in excess of the rate at which liquid will be evaporatedin the s stem by the heat absorbed in the jacket A.

n consequence in regular operation liquid flows continually out of thetop of the jacket throu h the outlet A With suitably designed apparatusunder certain conditions of operation all of the vapor generated by theheat absorbed in the jacket will be liberated in the jacket A or in theconduit C to the condenser so that the dischar e from the latter intothe condenser space will comprise a lower stream of liquid and an upperstream of vapor. Under other conditions, however, the discharge into thecondenser chamber C from the conduit C will consist wholly or mainly ofboiling liquid.

, In any case the liquid and any free vapor in the chamber C will passfrom the latter downward into the channels B The baffles O and O, or Oand '0 provided in accordance with the present invention, break up thestreams of liquid and give both the time and broken character of flowthrough the channels B desirable for the complete liberation of vaporfrom the liquid and will substantially restrict the flow of vapordirectly into the condenser hot well. The retarding of the liquidflowing throu h the channels B tends to an increased coo ing of theliquid which is desirable in many cases.

While in accordance with the rovisions of the statutes I have illustrateand described the best form of my resent invention now known to me, itwi 1 be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made inthe form of my invention without departing from the spirit of myinvention as set forth in the appended claims, and that certain featuresof my invention may sometimes be used to advantage without acorresponding use of other features.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an engine cooling system, the combination with a liquid coolingjacket having a top outlet, of a surface condenser comprisingdistributing condensing surfaces arranged to provide one or moredistributing channels leading downward past the condensing surfaces, aconnection from said outlet to the upper portion of the condenser forpassing lliquid and vapor into the latter, means wit in the condenserfor diverting liquid away from said condensing surfaces and into saidchannels, bafiles for retarding and breaking up the streams of liquidflowing downward through the channels, and means for returning liquidfrom the bottom of the condenser to the jacket.

2. In an engine cooling system, the combination with a liquid coolingjacket having a top outlet, of a surface condenser comprisingdistributing condensing surfaces arranged to provide one or moredistributing channels leading downward past the con-- (lensing surfaces,a connection from said outlet to the upper portion of the condenser forpassing liquid and vapor into the latter, means within the condenser fordiverting liquid away from said condensing surfaces and into saidchannels, baflles for retarding and breaking up the streams of 1i uidflowing downward through the channe 5, means for admitting air to andwithdrawing it from said condenser to maintain a regulated vacuumtherein, and means for returning liquid from the bottom of the condenserto the jacket.

3. A condenser for an engine cooling systern, comprising a shell anddistributed conand bafiles. in said channels arranged to redensingsurfaces arranged therein to protard and break up streams of liquidflowing vide an upper inlet space, a lower hot well downward through thechannels. space, and channels leading downward past Signed at New York,in the county of 5 the condensin surfaces from the inlet space New Yorkand State of New York, this 28th to the hot we 1, means for divertinliquid day of July A. D. 21. entering said inlet space into said 0annels, HARRY C. MALLORY.

